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How to Structural Design a Building/House Step by Step Part-1 (One Way Simply Support Slab)

One Way Simply Support slab
Any construction building design as per the below step. In this article, we design only slab and next article next steps calculation.

  • Slab Design
  • Slab Beam Design
  • Lintel Beam Design
  • Column Design
  • Plinth Beam Design
  • Footing Design

Slab Design

Important Point

    • Some Important Point for Slab Design
    • Type of Slab
    • Type of Slab Based on Support Conditions Are:
    • One Way Spanning Slab
    • Two Way Spanning Slab
    • Flat Slab
    • Grid Slabs
    • One Way Simply Support Slab Calculation /Design
    • Effective Depth (d)
    • Effective Span
    • Reinforcement Requirements
    • Check for Cracking
    • Check for Deflection
    • Check for Development Length (Ld)
    • One Way Simply Support SlabCalculation /Design- Example
    • One Way Simply Support Slab Calculation /Design Excel Sheet – Download 
  • Video tutorial for better understanding:
    • Design of a Building

Some Important Point for Slab Design

Type of Slab

A slab is a plate element having a depth (D), Very small as compared to its length and width slab is used as floor or roof in building, carry uniformly distributed load.

Type of Slab

Slab may be

  • Simply Supported 
  • Continuos 
  • Cantilever 

Type of Slab Based on Support Conditions Are:

1). One Way Spanning Slab

2). Two Way Spanning Slab

3). Flat Slab Resting Directly on Columns Without Beams

4). Grid Slabs or Waffle Slabs

5).  Circular Slab and Other Shapes

One Way Spanning Slab

If the slab is supported on two opposite sides. it is called a one-way spanning slab. In this type of slab, lads are transferred on two opposite supports as shown below figure.

One way slab

One Way Slab

If the slab is supported on four sides, and if ly/lx ≥ 3 one way spaning slab.

For any slab, if ly = lx, the slab has a tendency to bend in both the directions Which increase is provided along lx (Short Span)

Two Way Spanning Slab

It the slab is supported on all four edges and if ly / lx < 2,

The tendency of the slab is to bend in both directions. Such slabs are called a two-way slab. ( as shown below figure.)

Two way slab

In a two-way slab, the main reinforcement is provided along with lx as well as ly direction.

Flat Slab

When the slab is directly supported on columns, without beams, it is known as a flat slab.

Flat slabs are provided to increased the floor height and to permitted a large amount of light which might be obstructed by the depth of beams.

Grid Slabs

When the slab is required on beams with columns only on the periphery of the hall, the slab is called grid slab

Sometimes, in a large hall, public places, marriage halls, auditoriums, etc. a large column-free area is required. In these cases, large deep beams may be permitted but the columns are permitted only on the periphery

One Way Simply Support Slab Calculation /Design

One Way Simply Support slab Below Point Calculation Required

1. Effective Depth (d)

2. Effective Span

3. Reinforcement Requirements

4. Check for Cracking

5. Check for Deflection

6. Check for Development Length (Ld)

Effective Depth (d)

For deflection control 

L/d = 20 X M.F

  • M.F. Modifiction factor from— IS: 456, p.38.Fig-4
  • Assume % steel 0.3 to 0.6%

Fs =  0.58 Fy X (Ast requierd / Ast Provied)

Initially assume that Ast reqierd = Ast Provided 

Fy = 250 N/ Sq.mm —– Fs = 0.58 X 250 = 145 N/ sq.mm.

Fy = 415 N/ Sq.mm —– Fs = 0.58 X 415 = 240 N/ sq.mm.

Fy = 500 N/ Sq.mm —– Fs = 0.58 X 500 = 290 N/ sq.mm.

Effective Span

Clear Span + d

c/c of Supports

Whichever is smaller ——–  as per IS 456-2000 P. 34, CI 22.2.a

Reinforcement Requirements

Minimum reinforcement 

For Fe-250     Pt = 0.15 % of total C/s area (d x D)

For Fe-415     Pt = 0.12 % of total C/s area (d x D)

For Fe-500     Pt = 0.12 % of total C/s area (d x D) ——–  as per IS 456-2000 P. 48, CI 26.5.2.1

Maximum diameter (Sp 34)

For minbar:

  • Plain bars———–10 mm Ø min dia
    Deformed bars—–8 mm Ø min dia

For Distribution bars:

  • Plain bars———–6 mm Ø min dia
    Deformed bars—–6 mm Ø min dia

Check for Cracking

For Min Steel:

3d ——— Where. d = Effective depth

300 mm

Spacing should not exceed smaller these two values.

For Distribution steel:

5 d

450 mm

Spacing should not exceed smaller these two values. ——- IS: 456-2000, P.46

Check for Deflection

Allowable L/d  = 20 X M.F.

  • M.F is Obtained from IS:456-200 P-38 Fig 4

Find actual, L/d

If Actual L/d < allowable  L/d ———- Ok

Check for Development Length (Ld)

IS 456-2000,P.44, Cl. 26.2.3.3 C

Ld should be ≤ 1.3  (M1/V) + L0

Where

Ld = (Ø.σs / 4 τ bd )—————–σs = 0.87 fy          As per IS 456-200, P.42

 

50 % of steel is bent up near support. Therefore find M.R for 50 % of steel only

M1 = M.R. for 50% steel support

V = Shear force at the support 

L0 = Sum of anchorage beyond the center of support

 d

12  Ø

Take L0 as the smaller of two values.

One Way Simply Support SlabCalculation /Design- Example

Sum Point Consider As below

Slab Size 3.2m X 9.2 m

The slab is resting on 300mm thick wall

 

Find One Way Slab or Two Way Slab

ly/lx = 9.2 / 3.2 = 2.875 > 2  

As per the type of slab

Here this one-way slab, So we design the slab as one-way simply supported slab

Effective Depth (d)

Here Consider shorter span as l,

l = 3200 mm = 3.2 m

l/d = 20 x M.F

fy – 415 N/sq.mm, fs = 240 N / Sq.mm

M.F = 1.15 | As per IS Code 456, Fig.4

l/d = 20 x 1.15

3200/d = 20 x 1.115

d = 139.13 mm

Here, d = 150 mm , Assume 10 mm Ø bars

Overall Depth, D = 150 + (Ø / 2 ) + Clear Cover

D = 175 mm

Effective Span

1).  3200 + 150 = 3350 mm

2). c/c of Supports = 3200 + 300 = 3500  mm   | IS: 456-2000,P-34, CI. 22.2.a

Whichever is smaller

Effective Span = l = 3350 mm = 3.35 m.

Reinforcement Requirements

Load Calculations

Dead load 4.375 Kn/m
Floor Finsh 1 Kn/m
Live Load 2.5 Kn/m
Total Load 7.875 Kn/m

Factored Load = 1.5 x 7.875

w = 11.82 kn/m.

Bending Moment

Mu = (w. l2) / 8 = (11.82 / 3.352)

Mu = 16.58 Kn.m.

Main Steel

Pt = 50 (fck/fy) [1 – √ ( 1 -{(4.6 Mu)/ (fck x bd2)})]

Pt = 50 x  (0.482) x (0.0945)

Pt = 0.215 %

Ast = ( pt / 100) x 1000 x 150

Ast = 322.5 mm2

For Spacing 

Sapcing = ({[π/4] x d2}/Ast ) x 1000 mm

Sapcing = ( 78.53 / 322.5 ) x 1000 = 243.50 mm

Distrbution Steel 

Provide a minimum of 0.120% of Total C/s Area | As per IS 456-200 P 48, CI. 26.5.2.1

Ast = (0.12/100) x 1000 x 175 = 210 Sq.mm

Check for Cracking

For Main Steel

1). 3 d = 3 x 150 = 450 mm

2). 300 mm | IS 456-2000 P-46

240 mm provided < 300 mm …………….. o.k.

For Distribution Steel 

1). 5 d = 5 x 150 = 750 mm

2). 450 mm

130 mm provided < 450 mm …………….. o.k.

Check for Deflection

Allowable (l/d) = 20 x M.F.

% pt Provided  = 100 Ast / bd = (100 x 327) / (1000 x 150) = 0.218% | IS Code 456-2000 P.38, Fig 4

M.F = 1.6

Allowable l/d = 20 x 1.6 = 3350 / 150 = 22.33

22.33 < 32 …………….. o.k.

Check for Development Length (Ld)

1). d = 150 mm

2). 12 Ø = 12 x 10 = 120 mm

Taking larger of two values L0 = 150 mm

S.F. at support = 50% of East at mid-span = 327 / 2 = 163.5 Sq.mm

M1 = 0.87 x 415 x 163.5 x 150 x [1-(415 x 163.5) / (20 x 1000 x 150)]

M1 = 8.65 x 106 N.mm = 8.65 kN.m.

1.3 [ M1/V] + L0 = 1.3 x (8.65 x 106 ) / (18.91 x 103 ) + 150

M1 = 744.65 mm

for M 20 , fy = 415 N/mm2

10 mm Ø. bar, tension

Ld = 470 mm

470 mm < 744.65 mm …………….. o.k.

Slab Design

Reinforcment Details 

One Way Simply Support Slab Calculation /Design Excel Sheet – Download 

Video tutorial for better understanding:


Short Note

Design of a Building

Building design refers to the broadly based architectural, engineering and technical applications to the design of buildings. All building projects require the services of a building designer, typically a licensed architect.

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Suggested Read –

  • How to Structural Design a Building/House Step by Step Part-1 (One Way Simply Support Slab)
  • How to Structural Design a Building/House Step by Step Part-2 (Two Way Simply Support Slab)
  • How to Structural Design a Building/House Step by Step Part-3 (Slab Beam Design)
  • How to Structural Design a Building/House Step by Step Part-4 (Column Design)

By Krunal Rajput

About Krunal Rajput

Hey, I am Krunal Rajput. The Man Behind CivilJungle. I started this site to spread knowledge about Civil Engineering. I am a Degree Holder in Civil Engineering.

You can find him on Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, Instagram and Google News.

Comments

  1. Md Nuruzzaman says

    6th September 2020 at 4:01 pm

    very good post. i am a civil engineer at bangladesh. need more post like that. if one end continius on end discontinuous .

    Reply
    • Krunal Rajput says

      6th September 2020 at 5:26 pm

      Thanks, Dear

      Reply
  2. Emmanuel Kwabdins says

    7th October 2020 at 5:06 pm

    Hy I am Emmanuel Kwabdins from Nigeria, please can I have this as a PDF?

    Reply
    • Krunal Rajput says

      7th October 2020 at 6:15 pm

      Thanks for comment

      How to get easy pdf
      Go to Print or ctrl + p button press,
      Then select print PDF,
      After select print then click ok to print for get your PDF file

      Reply
  3. nabil zayer says

    9th February 2021 at 8:06 pm

    good prog.

    Reply
  4. Md Moynuddin says

    25th February 2021 at 9:36 pm

    You have added lots of information about Structural design of building, I appreciate the post

    Reply
    • Krunal Rajput says

      27th February 2021 at 12:30 am

      Thanks

      Reply
  5. Muhammad LutfuRrehman says

    28th April 2021 at 12:47 am

    Most important information here thank you sir but how to download Excel sheet from here.

    Reply
    • Krunal Rajput says

      29th April 2021 at 1:54 pm

      One Way Simply Support Slab Calculation /Design Excel Sheet – Download 

      Reply
  6. Eli Thomasevich says

    3rd May 2021 at 10:03 am

    Amazing Kunal. You have discussed details in the article about the structure of a building. Images of the structure really praiseworthy. I liked your article so much & the design also.

    Reply
  7. Nadu says

    22nd February 2022 at 11:32 am

    Hi,

    This is very informative, I need one small request I want STEEL GRADE 550 which is not available in STEEL TYPE. Can you please upgrade the sheet if possible and share with me.

    Reply

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