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Difference Between Bitumen and Tar | What Is Bitumen | What Is Tar

Important Point

  • What Is Bitumen?
  • Type of Bitumen
    • #1. Blow Bitumen:
    • #2. Cutback Bitumen:
    • #3. Straight Run Bitumen:
    • #4. Penetration Grade:
    • #5. Bitumen Emulsion:
    • #6. Residual Bitumen:
  • Use of Bitumen
  • What Is Tar?
  • Classified of Tar 
    • #1. Coal Tar:
    • #2. Mineral Tar:
    • #3. Wood Tar:
  • Use of Tar :
  • Bitumen Vs. Tar
    • Bitumen vs Tar
    • Difference Between Coal Tar and Bitumen:

What Is Bitumen?

The bitumen is the binding material that is present in asphalt. It also sometimes called mineral tar. It is obtained by partial distillation of crude petroleum.

It is chemically a hydro-carbon. It is insoluble in water, but it completely dissolves in carbon disulfide chloroform, alkalies, alkaline, carbonates, petroleum spirit, and oil of turpentine.

It is found on analysis is composed of 87 percent carbon 11 percent and 2 percent oxygen by weight.

The bitumen is back or brown in colour, and it is obtained is solid or semi-solid or sate. Its applications are the same as the residual asphalt.

bitumen

Type of Bitumen

Following are the types of Bitumen

  • Blown Bitumen.
  • Cutback Bitumen.
  • Straight Run Bitumen.
  • Penetration Grade.
  • Bitumen Emulsion.
  • Residual Bitumen.

Also, read: What Are Walls | Classified of Walls | Load-Bearing Vs Partition Walls

#1. Blow Bitumen:

Soft bitumen can be modified by heating until it becomes a liquid and then passing air under pressure by which all the volatile compounds in it can be driven out. The product is called blown bitumen.

#2. Cutback Bitumen:

Bitumen combined with other petroleum distillates forms cutback bitumen. This may be regarded as a means of applying penetration-grade bitumen at lower temperatures.

#3. Straight Run Bitumen:

When bitumen distilled to a definite viscosity of penetration, which does not require further treatment like heating.

#4. Penetration Grade:

The basic form of bitumen and has to be heated before application.

#5. Bitumen Emulsion:

A product in liquid form, formed in aqueous medium and stabilizing agents. This also another means to obtain bitumen into a liquid form so that it can be easily applied at ambient temperature.

Also, read: What Is Flooring | Types of Flooring.

#6. Residual Bitumen:

It consists of bitumen thinner and suitable filler made into a plastic Conn. As it is plastic, it can be used for filling cracks in masonry, stopping leakages, etc.

Use of Bitumen

  1. Bitumen is used for the manufacture of roofing and damp proofing felts.
  2. For sealing accumulators and batteries.
  3. It also used for heat insulation materials for building, refrigeration, and cold storage.

What Is Tar?

Tar

Tar is a viscous black liquid made of hydrocarbons that can form in multiple ways. Because of this, the chemical composition of tar varies, though it is always made of organic matter of some sort.

It has many uses as a waterproofing and sealing agent. It is also used for many medicinal purposes.

Classified of Tar 

Tat is classified on the basis of its sources.

  • Coal Tar.
  • Mineral Tar.
  • Wood Tar.

#1. Coal Tar:

A heavy, back, and strong-smelling liquid is known as coal tar. In closed iron vessels, the variety of tar is prepared by heating the coal.

The escaping gases are allowed to pass through the tube, which is kept cool by the circulation of water. The coal tax gets deposited in these tubes.

It is usually derived as a byproduct during the manufacture of coal gas. The coal tar is used for making macadam roads, preserving timber, etc.

Also, read: Tests on Stones | Crushing Strength Test, Water Absorption Test, Abrasion Test, Impact Test, Acid Test

#2. Mineral Tar:

Distillation of bituminous shales gives us mineral tar. It contains less matter.

#3. Wood Tar:

Distillation of pipes and resinous wood gives wood tar. In contains, creosote oil which can be obtained by further distillation of wood and hence is possessed stronger preservation property.

However, the wood creosote is not so good as coal tar creosote for the preservation of timber.

Use of Tar :

For coating of sleepers, wooden poles, latrine walls, etc.

Bitumen Vs. Tar

Sr.No.BitumenTar
1.Bitumen Colour Deep dark.Tar colour Jet black.
2.Bitumen carbon content is midium (moderate).Tar Bitumen carbon content is very high.
3.Bitumen usually solid in state.Tar viscous liquid sate
4.Bitumen effect on heating time bitumen is melt.Here, Tar effect on heating becomes more fluid when heated.
5.Bitumen setting time very less respect to tar.Tar setting time is more compared to bitumen.
6.Bitumen adhesive power is high but not more than tar.Tar adhesive power is very high compared to bitumen.
7.Bitumen resistance to acid effect is more compared to tar.Tar resistance to acid effect is less compared to bitumen.
8.Bitumen is obtained from fractional distillation of crude oil.Tar is obtained by destructive distillation of coal or wood.
9.Molecular weight range for road bitumen is 400 to 5000.Molecular weight range for road tar is 150 to 3000.
10.Bitumen consists of large amount of aromatic hydrocarbon.Tar consist of large amount of oily matter with lower molecular weight.
11.It shows more resistance to weathering action.It shows less resistance to weathering
action.
12.Bitumen normally use as damp proof course and as roofing felt.Tar use for preseving timber.
13.Less temperature susceptibility.More temperature susceptibility.
14. Bitumen has a low degree of toxicity.Tar has a high degree of toxicity.
15.Bitumen is more adhesive.Tar is most adhesive.
16.Bitumen sets quickly.Tar sets slowly.
17.Bitumen occurs naturally.Tar is produced through distillation.
18. Bitumen is expensive.Tar is cheaper.
19.Bitumen has a low viscosity.Tar is high viscosity.

Short Note

Bitumen vs Tar

The two substances are very similar and sometimes the terms tar and bitumen are used interchangeably. Bitumen can be naturally occurring whereas tar usually has to be artificially distilled. Also, Bitumen occurs in both solid and liquid forms whereas tar is generally always a viscous liquid.

Difference Between Coal Tar and Bitumen:

The key difference between coal tar and bitumen is that coal tar is a synthetic substance, whereas bitumen is a naturally occurring substance. Moreover, coal tar is a byproduct in the process of producing coke from coal while bitumen is a byproduct in the fractional distillation of crude oil.

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By Krunal Rajput

About Krunal Rajput

Hey, I am Krunal Rajput. The Man Behind CivilJungle. I started this site to spread knowledge about Civil Engineering. I am a Degree Holder in Civil Engineering.

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Comments

  1. Sunny Gupta says

    22nd March 2022 at 11:14 am

    Better experience to know about the tar and bitumen differences.

    Reply

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