Specification synopsis: this specification provides standard tolerances for concrete construction and materials. This document is intended to be used by specification writers and aci committees writing standards as the reference document for establishing tolerances for concrete construction and materials.

Basement Foundation Repair

Depending on the type of issue, foundation repairs can cost as little as $500 for minor cracks and upward of $10,000 or more if the issue requires hydraulic piers. The average homeowner typically pays between $2,012 and $7,074 for foundation repair costs.

Concrete Foundation Repair

Expect to pay $4,542 on average for foundation repair. Some superficial cracks can cost as little as $500 to repair, and hydraulic piers can cost $10,000 or more. Many homeowners pay between $2,012 and $7,074 to repair foundation issues.

Properties of Concrete

There are various properties of concrete in construction. What are the 6 properties of concrete? While the list below provides more than six, it’s essential to know the core properties.

They are as follows-

Grades of Concrete (M20, M25, M30, etc.)
Compressive Strength of Concrete.
Characteristic Strength of Concrete.
Tensile Strength of Concrete.
Durability of Concrete.
Creep of Concrete.
Shrinkage of Concrete.
Unit Weight of Concrete.
Modular Ratio of Concrete.
Poisson’s Ratio of Concrete.

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1. What Is the Grade of Concrete

By strength of the concrete and the composition, the grades of concrete are defining. For the initial construction, the minimum strength of concrete should have followed at 28 days.

In the measurement MPa, the grade of concrete is expressed.

Where the M stands for mix and the MPa expressed the overall strength of the concrete.

For example for the M20 grade of concrete, Where the M stands for mix and 20 means the maximum compressive strength achieves by the concrete 20N/mm2 at 28 days.

The size of the cube upon which the compressive strength test is done is 150 X 150 X 150 mm.

Different Types Grade of Concrete Is Below

Group	Designation0n	Characteristic Compressive Strength Fck at 28 Days
Ordinary Concrete	M10 M15 M20	10 15 20
Standard Concrete	M25 M30 M35 M40 M45 M50 M55	25 30 35 40 45 50 55
High Strength Concrete	M60 M65 M70 M75 M80	60 65 70 75 80

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2. The Compressive Strength of Concrete

A quality that varies considerably for the same concrete mix Like a load, the strength of the concrete is also.

A single representative value, Therefore, known as characteristic strength is used.

3. Characteristic Strength of Concrete

The characteristic strength of concrete is the compressive strength in the cube test of concrete.

In technical word, there is only 5% failure chance of concrete in it’s characteristic concrete.

Naturally in M25 grade concrete has 23 Mpa characteristic strength which failure occurs in only 5% and survival chance in 95%.

By formula

The target mean strength (Fcm) = fck+(k x s)

Where,
Fck=characteristic strength
K=1.65 (constant)
S=standard deviation of concrete cube

4. Tensile Strength of Concrete

The tensile strength of concrete, one of the basic and important properties is which greatly affect the extent and size of cracking in structures.

The concrete is very weak due to its brittle nature in tension. Hence the direct tension is not expected to resist.

When tensile forces exceed their tensile strength the concrete develops cracks.

Therefore, the tensile strength of concrete to determine and it is necessary to determine the load at which the concrete members may crack.

Furthermore, to determine the tensile strength of splitting tensile strength test on the concrete cylinder is a method concrete.

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5. The Durability of Concrete

To resist its disintegration and decay the durability of concrete is its ability. Influencing the durability of concrete is one of the chief characteristics.

Its permeability to other potential and increase of water and deleterious materials.

By having adequate cement, the desired low permeability in concrete is achieved, by ensuring full compaction of concrete and by adequate curing sufficient low water/cement ratio.

6. Creep of Concrete

Under sustained load, creep is defined as tic deformation. On the duration of sustained loading, the creep strain depends primarily.

According to the code, 1.6 at 28 days of loading the value of the ultimate creep coefficient is taken.

7. Shrinkage of Concrete

During the process of drying and hardening, the property of diminishing me is termed Shrinkage. The duration of exposure depends mainly.

If this strain is prevented, hence concrete develops cracks and produces tensile stress in the concrete.

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8. Unit Weight of Concrete

On the percentage of reinforcement, the unit weight of concrete depends, type of aggregate, varies from 23 to 26 kN/m²the number of voids.

The unit weight of reinforced concrete and plain concrete as specified by IS:456 are 24 and 25 KN/m³

9. Modular Ratio of Concrete

The short-term modular ratio is the modulus of elasticity to the modulus of elasticity of steel of concrete.

The effects of creep and shrinkage are taking into account partially IS code gives the following expression for the long-term modular ratio.

Where, f_cbc = permissible compressive stress due to bending in concrete in N/mm²

Long term modular ratio (m) = 280/ (3f_cbc).

10. Poisson’s Ratio of Concrete

For high-strength concrete Poisson’s ratio varies between 0.1 and 0.2 for weak mixes. For strength design, It is normally taken as 0.15 and 0.2 for serviceability criteria.

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FAQ

Concrete

In its simplest form, concrete is a mixture of paste and aggregates, or rocks. The paste, composed of portland cement and water, coats the surface of the fine (small) and coarse (larger) aggregates.

What is Properties of Concrete?

Concrete has strength, durability, versatility, and economy. It can be placed or molded into virtually any shape and reproduce any surface texture.